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QBC(Query By Criteria)是Hibernate提供的另一种检索对象的方式,它主要由Criteria接口、Criterion接口和Expression类组成。
Criteria接口是Hibernate API中的一个查询接口,它需要由session进行创建。一个单独的查询就是Criterion接口的一个实例,用于限制Criteria对象的擦查询,在Hibernate中Criterion对象的创建通常是通过Restrictions工厂类完成的,它提供了条件查询方法。
Criterion是Criteria的查询条件,在Criteria中提供了add(Criterion criterion)方法来添加查询条件。
使用QBC检索对象的实例代码,如下所示
//创建criteria对象 Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class); //设定查询条件 Criterion criterion = Restrictions.eq("id",1); //添加查询条件 criteria.add(criterion); //执行查询,返回查询结果 Listcs = criteria.list();
上述代码中查询的是id为1的Customer对象。
QBC检索是使用Restricions对象编写查询条件的,在Restrictions类中提供了大量的静态方法来创建查询条件。
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创建一个Customer类:
package pers.zhang.domain;public class Customer { private Long cust_id; private String cust_name; private String cust_source; private String cust_industry; private String cust_level; private String cust_linkman; private String cust_phone; private String cust_mobile; public Long getCust_id() { return cust_id; } public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) { this.cust_id = cust_id; } public String getCust_name() { return cust_name; } public void setCust_name(String cust_name) { this.cust_name = cust_name; } public String getCust_source() { return cust_source; } public void setCust_source(String cust_source) { this.cust_source = cust_source; } public String getCust_industry() { return cust_industry; } public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) { this.cust_industry = cust_industry; } public String getCust_level() { return cust_level; } public void setCust_level(String cust_level) { this.cust_level = cust_level; } public String getCust_linkman() { return cust_linkman; } public void setCust_linkman(String cust_linkman) { this.cust_linkman = cust_linkman; } public String getCust_phone() { return cust_phone; } public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) { this.cust_phone = cust_phone; } public String getCust_mobile() { return cust_mobile; } public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) { this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile; } @Override public String toString() { return "Customer [cust_id=" + cust_id + ", cust_name=" + cust_name + "]"; }}
配置ORM元数据:
向表中插入数据:
@Test //基本查询 public void fun1(){ Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //------------------------------------------- //查询所有的Customer对象 Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class); Listlist = criteria.list(); System.out.println(list); //------------------------------------------- tx.commit(); session.close(); }
运行JUnit测试输出:
Hibernate: select this_.cust_id as cust_id1_0_0_, this_.cust_name as cust_nam2_0_0_, this_.cust_source as cust_sou3_0_0_, this_.cust_industry as cust_ind4_0_0_, this_.cust_level as cust_lev5_0_0_, this_.cust_linkman as cust_lin6_0_0_, this_.cust_phone as cust_pho7_0_0_, this_.cust_mobile as cust_mob8_0_0_ from cst_customer this_[Customer [cust_id=1, cust_name=Google], Customer [cust_id=2, cust_name=联想], Customer [cust_id=3, cust_name=百度], Customer [cust_id=4, cust_name=阿里巴巴], Customer [cust_id=5, cust_name=腾讯]]
条件查询需要调用criteria.add()方法,参数为Restricions对象。
–》@Test //条件查询 // > gt // >= ge // < lt // <= le // == eq // != ne // in in // between and between // like like // is not null isNotNull // is null isNull // or or // and and public void fun2(){ Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //------------------------------------------- //创建criteria查询对象 Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class); //添加查询参数 => 查询cust_id为1的Customer对象 criteria.add(Restrictions.eq("cust_id", 1l)); //执行查询获得结果 Customer c = (Customer) criteria.uniqueResult(); System.out.println(c); //------------------------------------------- tx.commit(); session.close(); }
运行JUnit测试输出:
Hibernate: select this_.cust_id as cust_id1_0_0_, this_.cust_name as cust_nam2_0_0_, this_.cust_source as cust_sou3_0_0_, this_.cust_industry as cust_ind4_0_0_, this_.cust_level as cust_lev5_0_0_, this_.cust_linkman as cust_lin6_0_0_, this_.cust_phone as cust_pho7_0_0_, this_.cust_mobile as cust_mob8_0_0_ from cst_customer this_ where this_.cust_id=?Customer [cust_id=1, cust_name=Google]
QBC的分页查询与MySql的limit十分相似,使用两个方法:
1.criteria.setFirstResult(arg),设置第一条结果从哪个索引开始,相当于limit中的第一个?。 2.criteria.setMaxResults(arg),设置一次查询多少条数据,相遇于limit中的第二个?。@Test //分页查询 public void fun3(){ Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //------------------------------------------- Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class); //设置分页信息 limit ?,? 从第1条开始查,查询2条数据 criteria.setFirstResult(1); criteria.setMaxResults(2); Listlist = criteria.list(); System.out.println(list); //------------------------------------------- tx.commit(); session.close(); }
运行JUnit测试输出:
Hibernate: select this_.cust_id as cust_id1_0_0_, this_.cust_name as cust_nam2_0_0_, this_.cust_source as cust_sou3_0_0_, this_.cust_industry as cust_ind4_0_0_, this_.cust_level as cust_lev5_0_0_, this_.cust_linkman as cust_lin6_0_0_, this_.cust_phone as cust_pho7_0_0_, this_.cust_mobile as cust_mob8_0_0_ from cst_customer this_ limit ?, ?[Customer [cust_id=2, cust_name=联想], Customer [cust_id=3, cust_name=百度]]
条件查询需要调用criteria.addOrder()方法,参数为Order对象。
Order类的常用方法:作为查询容器的参数方法名称 | 描述 | 使用 |
---|---|---|
Order.asc | 升序 | Order.asc(String propertyName) |
Order.desc | 降序 | Order.desc(String propertyName) |
@Test public void fun4() { Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //------------------------------------------- Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class); //设置排序规则 按id降序排序 criteria.addOrder(Order.desc("cust_id")); //执行查询 Listlist = criteria.list(); System.out.println(list); //------------------------------------------- tx.commit(); session.close(); }
运行JUnit测试输出:
Hibernate: select this_.cust_id as cust_id1_0_0_, this_.cust_name as cust_nam2_0_0_, this_.cust_source as cust_sou3_0_0_, this_.cust_industry as cust_ind4_0_0_, this_.cust_level as cust_lev5_0_0_, this_.cust_linkman as cust_lin6_0_0_, this_.cust_phone as cust_pho7_0_0_, this_.cust_mobile as cust_mob8_0_0_ from cst_customer this_ order by this_.cust_id desc[Customer [cust_id=5, cust_name=腾讯], Customer [cust_id=4, cust_name=阿里巴巴], Customer [cust_id=3, cust_name=百度], Customer [cust_id=2, cust_name=联想], Customer [cust_id=1, cust_name=Google]]
条件查询需要调用criteria.setProjection()方法,参数为Projection对象。
Projections类的常用方法:作为查询容器的参数:方法名称 | 描述 | 使用 |
---|---|---|
Projections.avg | 求平均值 | Projections.avg(String propertyName) |
Projections.count | 统计某属性的数量 | Projections.count(String propertyName) |
Projections.countDistinct | 统计某属性不同值的数量 | Projections.countDistinct(String propertyName) |
Projections.groupProperty | 指定某个属性为分组属性 | Projections.groupProperty(String propertyName) |
Projections.max | 求最大值 | Projections.max(String propertyName) |
Projections.min | 求最小值 | Projections.min(String propertyName) |
Projections.projectionList | 创建一个ProjectionList对象 | Projections.projectionList() |
Projections.rowCount | 统计结果集中的记录条数 | Projections.rowCount() |
Projections.sum | 求某属性的合计 | Projections.sum(String propertyName) |
@Test //查询总记录数 public void fun5(){ Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //------------------------------------------- //创建criteria查询对象 Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Customer.class); //设置查询的聚合函数 => 总行数 criteria.setProjection(Projections.rowCount()); Long count = (Long) criteria.uniqueResult(); System.out.println(count); //------------------------------------------- tx.commit(); session.close(); }
运行JUnit测试输出:
Hibernate: select count(*) as y0_ from cst_customer this_5
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